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托福双语阅读之美国洋酒怎么喝
Why do people drink? Because when you drink you feel happy. When you feel happy you want to make friends. When you have friends, you want to drink with them. When you drink with friends, you don’t look at your cellphone. When you don’t look at your cellphone, your girlfriend is not happy. When your girl friend is not happy, you are not happy. So you need another drink. Basically the reason you drink is because you have to.
人为什么喝酒?因为你喝酒就开心。你一开心就想交朋友。你交到朋友就会想跟他们喝酒，你一喝酒就不会看手机。你不看手机，你女朋友就不开心。你女朋友不开心，你也开心不了，所以只能去喝酒。总结下你喝酒是因为你不喝会出事。
A champagne toast is a tradition at every wedding. Poured wine is served during the Christian Communion and represents the blood of Christ. Alcohol has been considered a social lubricant since the day it appeared on earth, and now it is not only part of most social activities, but also it has become a tradition over the centuries. I think the name alcohol is associated with another: “good time”.
喝香槟是所有婚礼上都会遵守的传统，基督教圣餐上倒的红酒代表耶稣的血。自从就诞生在地球上的那一天起，它的作用就是：社交润滑剂，他是绝大多数社会活动中，必不可少的一部分，它成为传统已经有几个世纪了。酒跟另外一个名词紧密相连：美好时光。
The consumption and appreciation of wine among Americans has gradually given rise to a distinctively American’s wine culture. People like to engage in ceremonies or celebrate festivals and good things with friends by drinking alcohol. Check out the American TV series and movies, you ‘ll find out the fact that they love wines as much as we do. But Chinese drinking culture is different from that of American. For example, in China urging your friend to drink is an act of showing hospitality, but in America this is considered extremely rude and may cause discontent. So in the States, you drink your own bottle, and enjoy talking to people around you.
妹果仁饮酒与品酒的习俗已经逐渐成为一种独特的酒文化。人们早已习惯用喝酒来庆祝生活中的美好事件。看看身边的美剧跟美国电影，不难发现，美国人跟我们国人一样爱酒。不过需要注意的是美国酒文化跟中国的还是有一些差别：比如在中国劝酒展示你的热情好客，但是在美国千万不要这么做，别人不想喝硬要灌是一种粗鲁行为，甚至招来厌恶跟不满。所以在美国，你只管喝自己杯子里的，边喝边聊就OK了。
But did you know from January 1920 to February 1933, drinking alcohol in the States was an act of crime? With all its negative effects on society, alcohol must be strictly regulated, it is controlled by government’s specific law’s regulations and taxes. In the year 1920 the government attempted to ban alcohol through what we know today， the prohibition.
你知道在1920年到1933年里，在美国喝酒是违法的么?酒精对社会有负面影响，必须严格监管控制。国家用一些特殊定的法律法规跟税收政策，来控制管理酒精。所以1920年，美国政府出台了著名的“禁酒令”。
Being one of the most developed, open country and “the nation on the wheels”, United States has the strictest regulations and controls on the wine industry. From production to management and to consumption, there are laws and rules applied to every step. Restaurants and bars and stores can only sell alcoholic beverages with a special license.
美国作为一个发达，开放与“车轮上的国家”，几乎是世界上对酒业管理最严厉的国家，从酒的生产经营到人们消费各个环节，都有明确的法律条文规定。餐馆、酒吧和商店，必须申请专门的营业执照才能出售含有酒精的饮料。
Laws of many states prohibit drinking in public, so you can only drink non alcoholic beverage in a park when you are having a picnic with friends. Even opening a wine bottle in public is considered an illegal act, whether the bottle is empty or not.
很多州的法律也不允许在公共场所喝酒。因此，在公园里野餐，只能带些不含酒精的饮料。甚至在大街上拿着一个打开的酒瓶都是违法的，不管里面是空的、满的还是装了半瓶酒。
New Jersey state law is even stricter, it permits drinking inside any automobile. If you are found possessing a wine bottle that has been uncapped in a car, you will be fined 200 dollars and 10 days of community service.
新泽西州的州法更为严格的规定是，任何人不得在车内饮酒.车上不得放置已经开启瓶盖虽然还没有饮过的含酒精饮料，否则罚款200美元和罚到社区服务10天。
You can only find beer commercials in the States, never an advertisement of wine and strong liquer. If you want to drink or buy alcohol, you have to be older than 21 years old. The shop owner would ask you to show him some ID such as social security card, or driver’s license. So that’s a no-no for teenagers under 21 who pretend to be old enough to buy alcohol or enter a bar.
美国，只能见到啤酒广告，绝对不会有红酒和烈性酒广告。买酒的和喝酒的，都必须年满21周岁。店方一定要对顾客“验明正身”，要求顾客出示“社安卡”、“驾驶证”等有效身份证件，小青年要是想冒充21周岁以上去买酒、喝酒，混过关，准没门!
American stores are not allowed to sell alcohols after 11 o’clock in the evening from Monday to Saturday, and Sunday all day. People are also not allowed to drink during working hours, so you can hardly see people drinking alcohol at lunch because lunch time is also working hours. Pretty strict huh?
美国的商店在星期一到星期六的晚上十一点以后不准卖酒，星期天商店整天不准卖酒。同时，法律规定，不允许在工作时间喝酒，因此，看不到美国人在工作的地方午餐时喝啤酒，因为午餐时间也算工作时间之内。
Three widely used expressions about drinking in the States：
lGive me another shot!
That means give me a shot of shooter. So what’s a shooter? A shooter is an alcoholic mixed drink that contains 30 millilitres of two or more spirits. They are generally drunk quickly, so you don’t sip, you gulp.
shots 这种东西中文应该翻译成什么呢?就是那种一小盅30毫升的高度数酒，一般都是调过的(加州一般是龙舌兰酒，东岸可能比较流行波本或者威士忌)。喝shot酒的正确方法不是小口抿，而是一口干，它的作用就是为了让你赶紧上头的。
I am so wasted.
That means you are too drunk to go home buy yourself, or you are only saying that because you are afraid to go back to your empty house alone. When you are slightly drunk, you say I’m feeling tipsy, tipsy here means a little dizzy.
Yo man, what’s happening? I called you this morning and you didn’t pick up. Were you drinking last night?
Shit man it was pretty messed up, I’m still having a hangover.
I’m still having a hangover
A hangover is a fairly unpleasant experience after you were pretty drunk the night before. which can last for more than 24 hours. Typical symptoms of a hangover may include headache, concentration problems, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue and so on.
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