11、Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the transformation in rail transportation?
Because railway construction employed mostly rural laborers, unemployment increased among urban workers.
It resulted in more trade within the country, but less trade with markets that could be reached only by ocean shipping.
It made shipping freight overland to distant markets less expensive.
It resulted in higher wages for factory workers.
12、The phrase "accustomed to" in the passage is closest in meaning to
in need of
used to
tired of
encouraged by
13、Look at the four squares [■] that indicate
where the following sentence could be added to the passage
The first steam-powered locomotives were slow but they rapidly improved in speed and carrying capacity.
14、 Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The coming of the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century Britain depended on the development of the steam engine to power machinery.
Answer Choices
A. For years, historians disregarded the issue of energy as a major element in the rise of the Industrial Revolution and focused instead on technological developments and increased production.
B. The introduction and growth of steam-powered rail transport was a major factor in Britain's economic expansion during the Industrial Revolution.
C. An expansion of the Industrial Revolution outside Great Britain occurred when British industries began to import raw cotton and high-quality iron.
D. By 1850, the use of steam power in Britain's mills, mines, and iron industry made Britain a world leader in the production of cotton cloth and iron.
E. Since the basic infrastructure was in place, the Industrial Revolution fueled itself with enlarging markets requiring ever more expansion of factories and workforce.
F. By the end of the 1800s, railway construction attracted so many laborers that factories could not find enough workers to keep up with increasing sales.
