Paragraph 6
These adaptations allowed an increasing diversity of plant forms to exploit dry land. Life on land, however, also required new methods of transporting sperm to eggs. Unlike aquatic and marine forms, land plants cannot always rely on water currents to carry their sex cells and disperse their fertilized eggs. So the most successful groups of land plants are those that evolved methods of fertilized sex cell dispersal that are independent of water and structures that protest developing embryos from drying out. Protected embryos and waterless dispersal of sex cells were achieved with the origin of seed plans and the key evolutionary innovations that they introduced: pollen, seeds, and later, flowers and fruits.
11、According to Paragraph 6, The adaptation made by terrestrial plants had which of the following effect?
Plants developed reproductive strategies usable in both land and water environment
The plant diversity achieved in water environments diminished on land
Seed plants became the dominant species among plants
A greater range of plants was able to develop
12、Which of the following best describes the author's presentation of the information about land plants?
The author provided and overview of the evolutionary relationships between specific species of algae and land plants
The author discusses the transformation plants underwent in the process of changing from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment
The author establishes a pattern of similarity between major land and water pant groups
The author resents evidence to support the hypothesis that plants first fully evolved in water before finding their way to land
13、Look at the four squares [ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Scientists believe that chemical changes and a thicker exterior, among other things, may have helped ancient algae overcome the conditions in their environment.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Paragraph 3
■ The environmental conditions of freshwater habitats, unlike those of ocean habitats, are highly variable. ■ Water temperature can fluctuate seasonally or even daily and changing level of rainfall can lead to fluctuations in the concentration of chemical in the water or even to period in which the aquatic habitat dries up. ■ Ancient fresh water green algae must have evolved features that enable them to withstand extremes of temperature and periods of dryness. ■ These adaptations served their descendant well as they invaded land.
D
14、 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
In moving from water to land, ancestral plants overcame many obstacles in order to survive.
A． Neither brown nor red algae are likely to be ancestors of plants because of their difference in pigmentation
B．The instability of freshwater habitats caused marine algae to develop adaptations to their harsh environment.
C. The colonization of land by plants was a major revolution in the history of Earth.
D. Terrestrial plants adjusted to life on land by undergoing structural changes that enabled them to support themselves, resist drying and exchange gases.
E. To colonize new terrestrial habitats, plants needed to create a way of reproducing without water.
F. Once plants had overcome the challenges posed by terrestrial life, they prospered by becoming less diverse.
