Paragraph 6：The contribution of geothermal energy to the world's energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energy is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir. However in many places (for example. California, Hawaii, the Philippines. Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa) the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurring hot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likely that in the near future geothermal energy can make important local contributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economics are favorable, as they are in California. New Zealand, and Iceland Geothermal energy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energy budget until well into the twenty-first century. if ever.
11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
O Heat flows through solid rock very slowly, so it takes a very long time for geological processes to produce a reservoir of geothermal energy
O Geothermal energy is not renewable because heat flows very slowly through solid rock into or out of a heat reservoir
O The heat quickly removed from a heat reservoir is replaced so slowly by geological processes that geothermal energy is not practically speaking, renewable
O In most cases, heat travels into a heat reservoir so slowly that it is a much quicker process to remove the heat from a reservoir than to replace it
题型：句子简化题
解题思路： 所给句子中有一个明显的因果关系，讲的是地热能为不可再生能源的原因，选项C保留了原句主干，为正确选项。选项A和D丢失了 renewable这一重要主干；选项B中的原因不全。
重点句子翻译：
Geothermal energy is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir.
地热能源是在一定意义上不能再生的，因为在大多数情况下，热量被抽出一个水库速度远远超过它被取代的速度，那将是非常缓慢的地质过程，其中热量通过坚硬的岩石流进一热储层。
Paragraph 6：The contribution of geothermal energy to the world's energy future is difficult to estimate Geothermal energy is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, the Philippines Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa) the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurring hot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likely that in the near future geothermal energy can make important local contributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economics are favorable, as they are in California. New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermal energy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energy budget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.
12. In paragraph 6, the author implies that in California, Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, and the rift valleys of Africa the potential size of the geothermal resource is so large that
O it might be economically worth developing these sites even though geothermal energy is not renewable
O these sites will be the first geothermal energy sites to be developed with new technology
O these sites are likely to make a large-scale contribution to the world energy budget in the twenty-first century
O it does not matter whether they have naturally occurring deposits of hot water or steam
题型：推断题
定 位词： in California, Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, and the rift valleys of Africa the potential size of the geothermal resource is so large that
解题思路：根据定位词定位到原文“its future will depend on the economics of production”, 选项A是这一观点的一种可能性，为正确选项。
重点句子翻译：
However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, the Philippines Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa) the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production.
然而，在很多地方（例如加利福尼亚，夏威夷，日本，菲律宾，墨西哥，非洲的裂谷）的资源是如此之大，其潜在的未来将取决于生产的经济性。
Earth's internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be harnessed to drive electric generators and heat homes. Geothermal energy becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir) that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. ■The water is usually "naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. ■ The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose. ■
By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80º to 180° centigrade. ■ Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In either case, the heated water will usually be under considerable pressure, and so may have a temperature that is well above its sea-level boiling point of 100° centigrade.
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
题型：句子插入题
解题思路： 所给句子中 In either case（在这两种情况下），说明这句话前面有两种不同的情况，通过阅读，第二个方框前的 usually和 less typically提示了两种不同情况下水的状态，所以应该把这句话插入第二个方框。
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Heat reservoirs in the form of hot rock far beneath Earth’s surface are a potential source of usable geothermal energy.
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Answer choices
A. Heat reservoir with a temperature from 80º to 180° centigrade can be used, as in France and Iceland, to heat buildings.
B．Most heat reservoirs with a temperature above 180° centigrade cannot be used for energy because they are usually too close to recent volcanic activity.
C．Experiments are under way to determine if geothermally heated waters could be used as a source of certain minerals that have been dissolved out of hot rocks deep within Earth.
D．A number of countries now use geothermal reservoirs that contain water or steam above 180° centigrade to generate electricity
E. The sinking of land above heat reservoirs and other environmental problem arise when water is pumped into a heat reservoir under high pressure
F．A number of issues, including how to extract heat from reservoirs that do not have a natural supply of water, will significantly limit the use of geothermal energy for the foreseeable future.
题型：总结题
解题思路：选项B与原文矛盾，180度以上的地热能可以用来发电；选项C原文未提及；选项E也是错误的，地表沉降的原因是地下水的流失。选项A是第二段的主要内容；选项D是第三段的主要内容；选项F是第四、五、六段的主要内容。
本文核心词汇：
artificially: adv. 人工地
tectonics: n. 构造学
harness: v. 治理；利用
reservoir: n. 水库；储藏
residential: adj. 住宅的
derive: v. 源于…
facility: n. 设施；能力
withdraw: v. 取回；撤出
dissolve: v. 溶解；消除
enormous: adj. 巨大的，极大的，庞大的
