出国留学网托福栏目为大家带来“托福综合口语Task4阅读重点理论”，希望对大家有所帮助哦!
1. 标题
由于task 4的阅读主要是关于某一个科学术语的解释和说明，考生在开始阅读的第一秒钟就应该迅速在纸上纪录下阅读的题目——即科学术语本身。
2. 提示词
常见的表示定义的提示词有 refer to, known as, is, is called, etc.(在实例分析中用红色字体标示)
3. 定义句
定义句出现的标志：标题再现，并出现提示词。
定义句出现的位置：一般出现在标题再现且提示词同时出现的位置之后。
复述时提取定义句的方法：
(1) 引用：如果定义句比较集中，一句话就描述得很清楚，复述时直接引用即可。---该阶段学生需重点掌握
(2) 概括：如果定义句不集中,信息分散，复述时需要将分散的信息进行概括整合。---该阶段学生只需了解，不需重
点掌握。
例1：提取定义句----引用
Target Marketing
Advertisers in the past have used radio and television in an attempt to provide information about their products to large, general audiences; it was once thought that the best way to sell a product was to advertise it to as many people as possible. However, more recent trends in advertising have turned toward target marketing. Target marketing is the strategy of advertising to smaller, very specific audiences – audiences that have been determined to have the greatest need or desire for the product being marketed. Target marketing has proved to be very effective in reaching potential customers.
笔记参考：
标题:
Target Marketing
定义:
strage ad
smaller speci audis
例2：提取定义句----引用
The Establishing Shot
Film directors use different types of camera shots for specific purposes. An establishing shot is an image shown briefly at the beginning of a scene, usually taken from far away, that is used to provide context for the rest of the scene. One purpose of the establishing shot is to communicate background information to the viewer, such as the setting – where and when the rest of the scene will occur. It also establishes the mood or feeling of the scene. Due to the context that the establishing shot provide, the characters and events that are shown next are better understood by the viewer.
笔记参考：
标题:
Establish Shot
定义:
image beginni scene
far away
Provide context rest scene
例3：提取定义句----概括(该阶段非重点掌握)
Social Learning
One way people learn is by watching the behavior of others. Sometimes called social learning, this type of learning involves the process of learning to copy – or not copy – the action of another. By observing the results, or consequences, of another’s behavior, people learn, over time, to either imitate or avoid imitating that behavior. In general, people tend to imitate the behavior of another when they see that it leads to a desirable consequence – hoping to repeat it for themselves. Of course, the opposite is also true – people tend to avoid imitating the behavior of another when they see it result in an undesirable consequence.
笔记参考：
标题:
Social Learning
定义:
learning to copy or x copy
desirab consequ: imitate behavi
undesirable consequ: ×imitating
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