为了帮助考生们更好地备考托福，出国留学网托福栏目为大家带来“实例讲解托福阅读如何快速抓准关键信息”，希望对大家有所帮助哦!
托福阅读中，什么叫做关键信息?当然是题目中提问到的信息了，这个回答可能有点简单粗暴，但事实就是如此，我们从题型方面分析的话，会发现关键信息的考察相关的题型还是比较多的，如事实信息题，否定事实信息题，推理题等，而且往往很多高分段的同学到最后错的往往还是细节信息相关的题型，面对这一类题型，我们该如何去快速获取我们需要的关键信息呢?接下来分享一些关键信息的定位和识别方法。
在介绍获取关键信息的方法之前，我们需要先来了解一下阅读中细节信息相关题目的总体出题思路，或者说他的套路，第一步，会根据原文1-2句话设置正确选项，第二步，一般会对这个选项进行同义改写，最后再在出题处周围设置干扰选项，很多同学看到第一步就很激动了，那我们的解题方法不是就很简单了吗?直接找到原文的那一两句话就好了，这个思路是非常正确的，但前提是要找的到才行，选项是会对原文进行同义改写的，那怎么办呢?信息还是要定位的，我们只能在选择定位词的时候选择那些最不容易被改写掉的词，于是就有了以下这个选取定位词的顺序：特殊标志词优先于名词，名词优先于动词和形容词，比如下面这个题目：
Livestock also came from outside Africa. Cattle were introduced from Asia, as probably were domestic sheep and goats. Horses were apparently introduced by the Hyksos invaders of Egypt (1780-1560 B.C.) and then spread across the Sudan to West Africa. Rock paintings in the Sahara indicate that horses and chariots were used to traverse the desert and that by 300-200 B.C., there were trade routes across the Sahara. Horses were adopted by peoples of the West African savannah, and later their powerful cavalry forces allowed them to carve out large empires. Finally, the camel was introduced around the first century A.D. This was an important innovation, because the camel’s abilities to thrive in harsh desert conditions and to carry large loads cheaply made it an effective and efficient means of transportation. The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more accessible, route of trade and communication.
According to paragraph 2,camels were important because they
A were the first domesticated animal to be introduced to Africa
B allowed the people of the West African savannahs to carve out large empires
C helped African peoples defend themselves against Egyptian invaders
D made it cheaper and easier to cross the Sahara
题干问的是“camels were important because they”那我们根据刚才的定位顺序，选择camel 去定位，于是发现原文的倒数第2和3句在讲camel ，读完以后发现，倒数第二句because就是题目的答案，这个时候再看下选项，发现只有D选项是和原文because后面的内容相同，于是就选D了。
通过以上定位的方法可以很快速清晰的找到题目的答案，但是有些题目在定位的过程中，我们会发现，自己所选的关键词在段落的很多地方都出现了，甚至整段都是围绕这个定位词在展开，这个时候就尴尬了，那怎么找?多重定位，把选项也放进来定位，尤其是题干中提问关于原文某个信息说话正确的或者不正确的时候，比如下面的题目，According to the passage, which of the following is true of wildebeests?或者According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of icebergs EXCEPT等，根据题干这两个题目，我们分别会选择wildebeests和icebergs去定位，结果发现原文整段都在讨论我们选的定位词，这个时候把选项放进来定位是最直接也是最快找到我们的解题信息的，选项的定位词的选择方法和之前提过的相同，特殊标志词优先于名词，名词优先于动词和形容词，在找信息的过程中同学们要注意同义改写，信息同意改写的方法无非就是近义词改写，反义词改写，词性替换或者句式改写，这里特别提示下反义词改写，往往会在前面加些否定意义的副词，如neither/little/few/hardly/barely/scarcely/seldom/rarely等，大家阅读的时候要注意。
最后来总结下，找关键信息最主要的是要选取定位词，要选最显眼，最不容易被替换的定位词，根据具体的题目可能定位题干就够了，有时也需要定位选项，定位到了信息以后注意信息的同义改写，祝大家在能够快速找到关键信息的同时，找的开心，愉快!
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