备考方法用对了，学习效率自然就上去了。出国留学网托福栏目为您带来“托福阅读读懂了但做不对题怎么办”，一起来看看吧!
Q：老师!我读的很明白，但是在选择选项的时候，总选错，什么原因?
相信每个有经验的阅读老师都曾经被无数次问到过这个问题。那么现在我们一起来分析一下这个问题。
首先，问这个问题的同学总会有个前提条件：我读的很明白。然而对于大部分同学来说，这其实并不成立，“很明白”并不是真的“很明白”。我们一起来做个小小的测试：
1. 首先把下面的几个句子看完，做到努力理解句子的意思;
2. 如果有基友，把这些句子的意思复述给基友听，看看ta在不看句子的情况下，是否能够理解你说的“人话”。
3. 如果是“单身狗”，那么请把这个句子的意思翻译成一个至少自己读起来比较通顺的中文句子。无论是打字还是手写，请记录下翻译出的句子。
4. 完成上述步骤后，请与下面的翻译核对，判断一下自己对于这几个句子的理解是否足够准确。
翻译：
1)在近十年里所发现的睡眠时与清醒时的生理差异中，呼吸控制方式所发生的变化非常引人瞩目。
2)一些在呼吸时帮助上呼吸道打开的肌肉在睡眠时会变得更放松。
3)令人痛苦的是放弃小型家族式家庭、转而与几十个陌生人一起移居到这些大型村庄中。这些习惯家庭自治和随意迁徙的生活方式的人，不像今天的人们一样拥有一些能够处理人口密集问题的文化传统和行事准则。
我自认为通过上面的小测试，大家应该能够明白我想要表达的道理。对于做阅读时遇到的一些句子，大家所理解的句意有时并不是这个句子的准确句意。阅读实力不足的同学，往往只会把句子的单词堆砌在一起，然后拼凑成一个自己觉得差不多的句意(虽然从中文角度来看也狗屁不通)。对句子结构和语法语感比较在行的同学，会进行相应的语序调整(中英文句子的语序是不同的)，大部分句子理解起来都没有问题。但是再难一点的个别句子，除了要把握单词的准确意思、根据结构调整句子语序帮助理解之外，还要加入一些“意译”的成分，这个句子才能够被100%的准确还原成中文句意。
上述的情况不仅会发生在理解原文句子的时候，还会发生在理解题目、理解选项以及辨识原文与选项的改写时。这些解题关键的步骤中，如果出现理解的偏差，就会造成题目做错，让大家产生“看懂但是做错”的误解。
# 2
若上述前提条件成立，也就是你读的非常懂，句意把握很准确，那么这个时候再做错，就一定是面对题目和选项时出现的其他的问题。
1)你可能是这样子做错的
Paragraph 5: Other respiratory regulating mechanisms apparently cease functioning during sleep. For example, during wakefulness there is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort when inhaling is made more difficult (such as breathing through a restrictive face mask). This reflexive adjustment is totally absent during NREM sleep. Only after several inadequate breaths under such conditions, resulting in the considerable elevation of carbon dioxide and reduction of oxygen in the blood, is breathing effort adjusted. Finally, the coughing reflex in reaction to irritants in the airway produces not a cough during sleep but a cessation of breathing. If the irritation is severe enough, a sleeping person will arouse, clear the airway, then resume breathing and likely return to sleep.
According to paragraph 5, what happens during NREM sleep when inhaling is difficult?
○There is an immediate, automatic, adaptive increase in breathing effort.
○The sleeping person takes several inadequate breaths before the breathing effort is adjusted.
○The coughing reflex causes the breathing effort to adjust.
○The airways become cleared as the blood removes irritants.
很多同学都会误选A这个干扰选项，原因是回原文寻找答案信息的时候，没有清楚的记住题目。题目问的是“在NREM睡眠中吸气特别困难时会发生什么?”，而A选项对应的原句说的是“during wakefulness”，很显然并非题目所问啊，典型的答非所问。
2)你还可能是这样做错的
Paragraph 2: Apart from this, being able to give up labor-intensive grain production freed both the land and the workforce for more productive agricultural divisions. The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops: flax, madder, and rape were grown, as were tobacco, hops, and turnips. These products were bought mostly by urban businesses. There was also a demand among urban consumers for dairy products such as butter and cheese, which, in the sixteenth century, had become more expensive than grain. The high prices encouraged the peasants to improve their animal husbandry techniques; for example, they began feeding their animals indoors in order to raise the milk yield of their cows.
According to paragraph 2, the increases demands on Dutch agriculture made by urban consumers had which of the following results?
○ Seasonal shortages of the products consumers most wanted
○ Increased production of high-quality grain products
○ Raised prices charged by peasants to urban consumers
○ Different ways of caring for dairy-producing animals
本题的干扰选项为C，选错的原因是，在判断原文与选项的同义改写时，没有看出选项与原文并非100%对应。而且理解原文时，逻辑并不严谨。原文确实提到乳制品变得more expensive，但是却并没有说是peasants对urban consumers的要价越来越高，其次原文也只是提到consumer们对于“比谷物价格更高的butter和cheese”的需求增大，而并未说价格提高是由consumer的需求量增大而导致的，至少根据原文这一句话不能严谨得出这个结论。
当然，做错题的情况和原因可能多种多样，还有一些我并没有列举上来的，但无外乎理解和逻辑两个方面啦!
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