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pion
【大家熟知的意思】
冠军
【托福真题里的例子】
The most widely accepted theory， championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries， envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.
被19世纪末和20世纪初的人类学家所支持的、被我们最广泛接受的一个理论，把戏剧看成是起源于神话和仪式。
This changed in 1912 with the proposal of the theory of continental drift by the German meteorologist and geophysicist Alfred Wegener， an idea that was later developed and championed by the famous South African geologist Alex Logan du Toit.
这在1912年随着德国气象学家和地球物理学家阿尔弗雷德·瓦格纳提出了大陆漂移说而改变，大陆漂移说是一个后来被著名的南非地质学家Alex Logan du Toit所支持的观点。
（老SAT里面的一个很漂亮的句子）
However many mistakes have been made in our past， the tradition of American， the champion not only of freedom but also of fair play， still lives among millions who can see light and hope scarcely anywhere else.
无论我们在过去犯过多少错误，美国的传统—不仅是自由而且是公平游戏的支持者—一直活在数以百万计的人们心中，这些人在任何别的地方都看不到这样的光明与希望。
【记】
n.拥护者（someone who fights or speaks publicly in support of a person， belief， cause， etc.）
v.拥护，支持
rd
【大家熟知的意思】
买得起、负担得起、承受得起（某种后果）
【托福真题里的例子】
Many are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world， where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.
很多在热带和亚热带区域被发现，在那里，金属的高浓度聚集提供了一些对于以植物为食的昆虫和微生物致病菌的保护。
The word afford in the passage is closest in meaning to
A）offer
B）prevent
C）increase
D）remove
【记】
提供
d
【大家熟知的意思】
投降
【托福真题里的例子】
In the Near East they remained in use for more than two and a half millennia， and in certain areas they lasted down to the beginning of the common era until finally yielding， once and for all， to more convenient alternatives.
在近东，它们一直被使用了超过2500年，在某些区域它们一直持续到了公元纪元，直到最终彻底让位于更方便的选择。
These were designed both to increase yields from a given area and to increase the absolute amount of land under cultivation.
这些被设计出来既是为了增加某个特定区域的产量，也是为了增加被耕种的土地的绝对数量。
Forests yielded an abundance of wood for buildings， for boats， and for sculpture.
森林出产了用于建筑、造船和雕塑的充足的木材。
Sometimes their mutual fascination is almost palpable； every actor＇s performance is affected by the way the audience yields or withholds its responses： its laughter， sighs， applause， gasps， silences.
These increases resulted from using technology to improve yields on existing farmland， a system known as intensive agriculture.
这些增加源自于使用能够改进现有农田产出的技术，这是一种称为集约农业的系统。
【记】
yield to让位于……，向……屈服
n. & v.出产
ess
【大家熟知的意思】
n.地址；演讲
v.对……做演讲
【托福真题里的例子】
The question of whether the sudden transition seen in Europe was built on earlier developments in Africa has been addressed at length by anthropologists Sally McBrearty and Alison Brooks.
我们在欧洲见到的这场突然的转变是否基于早先非洲的发展，这个问题被人类学家Sally McBrearty和Alison Brooks仔细处理了。
The function of the two questions in paragraph 4 is to
第四段的两个问题的功能是
A. recognize two common questions that cannot be addressed within the passage
辨识出两个在文中无法被处理的普通问题。
B. present the two different points of view contrasted in the passage
C. provide important objections to the central idea of the passage
D. indicate two important questions that will be explored in the passage
One prime function of theater is to address the uncertainties of human existence， and the very format of live performance presents a moment-to-moment uncertainty right before our eyes.
戏剧的一个主要功能是处理人类存在中的不确定性，现场表演的具体形式在我们眼前呈现了一个即时的不确定性。
【记】
关注、处理（事情、问题等）（to give attention to （something）： to deal with （a matter， issue， problem， etc.））
ical
【大家熟知的意思】
批评的，批判性的
【托福真题里的例子】
One broad area of disagreement in expanding the peopling of the Americas is the domain of paleoecologists， but it is critical to understanding human history： what was Beringia like？
对于扩展美洲区域人口居住观点不同的一个广泛领域，就是古生态学的领域，但是理解人类历史却很重要：百令海峡当时是如何的？
Migration had long been critical for the diffusion of knowledge that spawned new trades or revived others.
迁徙长期以来一直对于知识扩散很重要，知识的扩散滋生了新贸易或者使其他领域复生。
【记】
关键的，重要的
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