1. 主语(名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子)
2. 谓语(动词或动词短语)
3. 宾语(名词，代词，不定式，动名词，句子。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词：want agree hope plan decide offer prefer wish intend fail desire refuse afford choose manage expect aim promise consent pretend neglect ignore omit happen determine demand threaten resolve decline propose undertake volunteer。跟动名词作宾语的常见动词：finish enjoy mind keep stop dislike consider suggest miss avoid regret admit acknowledge delay practice deny imagine postpone risk advocate recall resist appreciate cannot help confess escape fancy defer resent evade contemplate forgive permit detest repent。
跟双宾语的常见动词：ask sent show teach give bring buy find get keep lend tell write wish offer deprive
4. 表语(名词，形容词:某些形容词，如careless, absurd, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, inconsiderate, greedy, money-oriented acquisitive materialistic generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, self-centered egocentric wicked, wrong等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。代词，数词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)
5. 定语(形容词，代词，数词，不定式，名词，动名词，分词，介词短语，句子)
____, which 1.is beneficial to adjusting to
2. is detrimental (hazardous)to
3. means(is equivalent to)
6. 状语(副词，形容词短语, 不定式，分词，介词短语，名词，句子)
7. 补语(形容词，名词，不定式：下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask get prompt allow forbid prefer announce force press inspire require assist hate pronounce advise recommend bear implore remind beg induce report compel invite command intend show drive mean train cause instruct deserve leave tell direct tempt entitle order warn enable need urge encourage oblige condemn
teach entreat permit wish，分词，介词短语)
8. 同位语(名词，不定式，动名词, 句子，后跟同位语从句的常见词fact news question proposal report altitude (latitude longitude evidence proof suggestion request idea conclusion thought notion value fiction fear)
9. 插入语(不定式，分词，介词短语，句子)
以上是托福写作中句子成分的分析，大家可以根据例子揣摩一下，提升自己的基本功。