出国留学网

目录

如何解答托福阅读否定事实题

字典 |

2018-07-05 11:24

|

【 liuxue86.com - 托福阅读 】

  否定事实题,在托福阅读考试中是最让同学们感到烦恼的,因为这让同学们花费了太多的时间,那么接下来就和出国留学网来看看如何解答托福阅读否定事实题?

  打蛇打七寸 — 寻找逻辑词

  何谓逻辑词?即because, therefore, nevertheless, in contrast…,但我们在否定事实题里找的不是它们而是 to begin with, and, furthermore, in addition, last but not least, finally。因为这类词的每一次出现通常对应的就是一个选项。例如:

  TPO 21 The Origins of Agriculture

  Paragraph 1: How did it come about that farming developed independently in a number of world centers (the Southeast Asian mainland, Southwest Asia, Central America, lowland and highland South America, and equatorial Africa) at more or less the same time? Agriculture developed slowly among populations that had an extensive knowledge of plants and animals. Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages. To start with, it forced the population to abandon the nomad's life and become sedentary, to develop methods of storage and, often, systems of irrigation. While hunter-gatherers always had the option of moving elsewhere when the resources were exhausted, this became more difficult with farming. Furthermore, as the archaeological record shows, the state of health of agriculturalists was worse than that of their contemporary hunter-gatherers.

  2. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are advantages of hunting and gathering over agriculture EXCEPT:

  A. It is a healthier lifestyle.

  B. It requires less knowledge of plants and animals.

  C. It does not need storage capabilities.

  D. It is not tied to any specific location.

  读完题目后,同学们在回看文章的时候都应该注意到 to start with, furthermore 这类逻辑联系词。

  同时,我们观察到 to start with 之前的 Changing from hunting and gathering to agriculture had no immediate advantages 和题目所问的是相同的,所以就能基本确定答案是从 to start with 后面去找,只是题目问的是hunting和gathering 的好,而文章说的是从狩猎变成农业后的不好。我们只需把选项的意思反过来理解即可。

  to start with 后面说的是农业让人们放弃游牧(nomad)变成一种不动(sedentary)并且需要发展储存食物的生活,反过来意味着hunting and gathering是不需要这样的。所以排除C,D选项。

  Furthermore 后面说农业人的健康状况要比游牧的差,也就是后者生活的更优越。排除A。所以这题选B,即使它在原文出现,我们也不需要理会。因为 to start with 能告诉我们答案是从这里开始。

  无招胜有招—排除法逐项删除

  上述方法速度之快,有效性之高让否定事实题的解题变得简单明了。也许正因如此,ETS也逐渐地改变了出题模式来增加难度。我们可以看看以下这篇:

  TPO 22 The Allende Meteorite

  Paragraph 4: Equally perplexing constituents of Allende are the refractory inclusions: irregular white masses that tend to be larger than chondrules. They are composed of minerals uncommon on Earth, all rich in calcium, aluminum, and titanium, the most refractory (resistant to melting) of the major elements in the nebula. The same minerals that occur in refractory inclusions are believed to be the earliest-formed substances to have condensed out of the solar nebula. However, studies of the textures of inclusions reveal that the order in which the minerals appeared in the inclusions varies from inclusion to inclusion, and often does not match the theoretical condensation sequence for those metals.

  7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true about the minerals found in the refractory inclusions EXCEPT:

  A. These minerals are among the most resistant to melting of all the major elements in the solar nebula.

  B. These minerals are believed to be some of the first elements to have condensed out of the solar nebula.

  C. These minerals are among the least commonly found elements on Earth.

  D. These elements occur in the order that scientists would have predicted.

  同学们能发现此篇文章的段落并没有任何的逻辑提示词告诉我们选项所对应的句子。那我们还有其它快速又准确的技巧来解题吗?答案是没有的。这时我们只能通过排除法,把每一个选项的意思和原文的句子对比。

  不过在这里要特别强调,我们现在做否定事实题时不能再像以前那样看哪个选项的单词没在文章出现即选相应的选项。因为单词是可以同义改写的,而句子的意思却不能改变。

  我们细心阅读和比较后,也会发现这题的四个选项都在文章里出现,但是D选项“元素出现顺序和科学家预测一致”明显和原文最后一句的 often does not match the theoretical condensation sequence 矛盾。所以此题答案为D。

  擒贼先擒王—选最明显的错误

  TPO28 Early Saharan Pastoralists

  Paragraph 5: The cattle herders had only a few possessions: unsophisticated pots and polished adzes. They also hunted with bow and arrow. The Saharan people left a remarkable record of their lives painted on the walls of caves deep in the desert. Their artistic endeavors have been preserved in paintings of wild animals, cattle, goats, humans, and scenes of daily life that extend back perhaps to 5,000 B.C.. The widespread distribution of pastoral sites of this period suggests that the Saharans ranged their herds over widely separated summer and winter grazing grounds.

  9. According to paragraph 5, each of the following was true about the early Saharan people EXCEPT:

  A. They had few possessions apart from cattle.

  B. After about 5,000 B.C., they lived primarily in caves that were located deep in the desert.

  C. Between the summer and winter seasons, they moved their herds over long distances.

  D. They painted animals and scenes of daily life on the walls of caves.

  很多同学在做完TPO28这套文章后都会对A选项有疑问。他们认为A的few和文章的a few是在表达不同的意思。

  前者是否定,而后者为肯定。为什么不选它呢?那同学们不妨观察B选项和原文意思的区别。选项是说沙哈拉人们住在沙漠深处,那原文呢?The Saharan people left a remarkable record of their lives painted on the walls of caves deep in the desert. 这话说的是纪录人们生活的图画是在沙漠深处的墙上。很明显,选项和文章的意思是矛盾的。

  平常我们在做否定事实题时要注意,当选项出现两个错误时,咱们一定要选择最明显和原文有矛盾的或者没有提及的那个,允许小区别的存在。此乃擒贼先擒王。

  各位同学平时一定要多背诵单词,因为否定事实题的选项大部分会对原文句子进行同义改写。此外,同学们要在平时练习中多用上述三大法宝,必定能够降服这只小恶魔。

  推荐阅读:

  托福阅读推理题如何解题

  托福听力对话类题目如何解答

  2018年托福阅读分数如何解读

  托福听力“插入信息”如何解读

  想了解更多托福阅读网的资讯,请访问: 托福阅读

本文来源:https://toefl.liuxue86.com/t/3777344.html
延伸阅读
托福阅读文章都比较长,所以在安排时间的时候需要有更多的考虑,那么接下来就和出国留学网来看看托福阅读时间安排及速度提高技巧。时间安排首先介绍下托福阅读时间安排,阅读考试总时长60分钟
2020-07-06
对于托福阅读,备考的考生对此有哪些了解呢?需要分内容和板块进行准备。接下来就和出国留学网一起来看看2020年托福阅读备考指导。备考方法单词:想要做好托福阅读,背托福单词是最基础的。
2020-06-16
因为考试时间有限,托福阅读速度提升是考生要考虑的问题之一,如何提升托福阅读速度呢?需要考托福的同学和出国留学网小编一起来看看托福阅读考试速度怎么训练?考试速度1.多做真题,模拟训练
2020-06-06
托福阅读题型以及算分详解,希望这篇文章对于大家在进行托福阅读备考的时候有帮助,下面就好出国留学网一起来看看托福阅读考试有哪些常考题型?2020年托福阅读考试需要完成3篇文章,每篇文
2020-05-27
对于托福阅读,想获得高分,那么了解一些做题技巧是免不了的,接下来就和出国留学网的小编来了解一下2020年托福阅读考试满分答题技巧分享。做题的误区考生做旧托福考试(TOEFL)阅读或
2020-05-27
对于很多正在备考托福的同学来说,备考托福阅读的资料选择是哪些呢?接下来就和出国留学网一起来看看如何搞定托福阅读?托福文章的秘密托福阅读的文章,根据出处及选材范围,可以将归为三类:说
2018-07-20
想要提升自己的托福口语阅读的速度,需要解决自己的一些问题,那么接下来就和出国留学网一起来看看如何提升托福阅读答题速度?(1)主题段和主题句的关键词。托福文章中的主题段和主题句都是参
2019-06-24
托福阅读长难句在托福阅读中是一个难点,会直接影响到大家的解题速度。那么接下来就和出国留学网一起来看看如何应对托福阅读长难句?长难句学会迅速读懂托福阅读长难句主要是用实战的要求为目的
2020-04-26
在备考托福阅读的时候,有一些常见是问题是大家需要了解的,那么接下来就和出国留学网一起来看看2020年托福阅读考试备考长假问题解答。常见问题一定要背单词吗?我们知道托福阅读的文章大多
2020-04-30
在托福阅读时,审题在考试中是非常重要的,那么接下来就和出国留学网一起来看看托福阅读考试如何进行审题?细节题推断题修辞目的题如何审题技巧对于托福阅读中的细节题,推断题和修辞目的题,审
2019-11-28