2012托福考试评分标准及范文

一、评分标准


　　雅思考试的评分标准包括四个方面：

　　Task Response

　　Coherence and Cohesion

　　Lexical Resource

　　Grammatical Range and Accuracy

　　二、高分范例


　　雅思的4Gates就是其评分标准，分别为“内容”，“逻辑结构”，“语法的准确使用和范围”以及“词汇量”四个标准。根据下面的全面修改案例，读者可以清楚的看到一篇5.5分的雅思范文是如何在修改之前蜕变成为高分作品。

　　Cambridge 8 – Test 2

　　Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.

　　In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?

　　Has this become a positive or negative development?


　　Sample Answer:



　　This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 5.5 score. Here is the examiner’s comment:
　　这是一位考生写的5.5分作文。下面是考官的评语。


　　The topic introduction has been copied from the task and is deducted from the word count. This leaves the answer underlength at 236 words, so the candidate loses marks for this.
　　文章的开篇是从题目中抄来的，所以不能算字数。剩下的只有236个字，考生因此失分。


　　This answer addresses both questions, but the first is not well covered in terms of how actual relationships have changed. Nevertheless, there is a clear opinion that the effects have been positive and relationships have improved, with some relevant ideas to support this. There is a general progression to the argument, with some effective use of time markers and linkers. There is also some repetition, however. Paragraphing is not always logical, and ideas are not always well linked. A range of vocabulary that is relevant to the topic is used, including some precise and natural expressions. There are quite a lot of mistakes in word form, word choice or spelling, but these do not usually reduce understanding. A variety of sentence type is used, but not always accurately. Errors in grammar and punctuation are distracting at times, but only rarely cause problems for the reader.
　　此文回答了两个问题，但是在回答第一个问题时，并没有充分讨论问题中关于现实中的关系是如何变化的。但是，文章展示了清晰的观点（这些影响都是好的，而且这些关系都有所改善）并配以相关的观点支持。文章的论证循序渐进，使用了很多表示时间的提示词以及连接词，但是个别有些重复。分段不够逻辑，而且一些观点没有充分的关联。使用了一些与主题相关的词汇，包括准确并自然的表达。虽然有一些词性、词义以及拼写错误，但是并不会太影响理解。使用了各种句型，但是很多不太准。语法错误和标点错误有时会干扰理解，但是不会给读者产生太大的麻烦。

修改意见：


　　本文共有两个问题，其中第一个问题在考生的作品中被忽略了。

　　In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make?

　　对于这样的问题，可以单独使用一段来回答。参考如下：


　　Model: Communication Technologies not only have great effects on the relations living apart but also have changed the way people befriend. Specifically, the employment of the mobile phone and webs helps friends and relatives keep in touch with each other and exchange emotions anywhere anytime; the popularity of webs and the use of online chatting tools ease people to meet some new people who have their same ideas or characteristics as those of them.
　　大意：通讯技术不但对身处异地的亲朋好友之间有着巨大的影响，而且也在很大程度上改变了人们结识新朋友的方式。具体来说，手机和网络的使用使得亲朋好友之间可以随时随地沟通消息、传递情感；网络的普及以及聊天软件的使用让很多人更容易认识一些和他们志同道合或是有着共同点的素未谋面的新朋友。

　　修改后：

　　Nowadays,(It is true that technology has shifted people’s communicative ways. 利用It is true that的句式突出后面的事件；Change和shift是同义词替换；the way people interact和communicative way是同义词替换。这样的变化可以避免引用题目中的原词。)

　　（拒绝非正式的用法。）The technology has changed the people’s interaction in very enhanced manner. Earlier people used（前后时态必须一致。）to wait and try to find easy ways（名词单复数） to contact their friends or relatives leaving far. In the past, there was no （词汇使用不当，应该改成effective）technology to contact others or to establish any communication between two people. And（重要的连接词，表示本句和上一句共同解释为什么“人们一直在期待找到更有效的通讯方式。”）the drawback ofthe past communication systems was that they （指代不清，这里指代的是communication systems） were too （表示“太”。） slow and were time-consuming （表示“费时”）, including （这是应该使用分词形式，表示对主句的communication ways的具体描述。）the telegrams, the letter etc. Not only that,（这里需要连接词）people used to be afraid to write their personal feedbacks or things to their loved ones because of （because of 强调“外因”；due to 强调“根据”）information security （根据上下文理解，此处应该表达的是“信息安全”）of communication. (They worried their letters might be stolen or read by some strangers.这里可以继续描述人们的担心。)

　　However，（上文主要讨论过去的情况，而接下来将讨论现在的变化）now the things have changed around.（必须避免使用“，”连接两个句子。正确的处理方法是，要么采用断句的方法，要么添加连词。）People in a long distance contact their lovesd one in (effective and efficient) ways, which improve（主谓一致，which代替ways。） the interaction level between two persons. Quality （用词重复）of the interaction between people and people（主谓之间不能添加“，”。）has been improved（这里使用被动是因为沟通质量的提升是因为技术的发展。） because they are equipped with high-techdevices which enhances their communication. There are many（重复）mediummedia available such as internet, called cards etc.So the technology has provided better mobility , which help people to talk or keep in touch with each other at any time anywhere in the world.（不应该单独成段，应该和上一段结合在一起。）（本句应该被删除，因为没有提出任何新的观点，并且与上文的句子非常重复。）