Type2 Not/Except型
这类题与细节题关系比较紧密,它的正确选项有两种,一种是未被原文提及的,一种是与原文相反的,我们review一下细节题错误选项特征:1 原文中没有的2与原文相反的3考点信息之外的。大家看到了,Not Except的题就是选择细节题的错误选项的前两类。所以说,它的本质还是细节题,你可以把它当成有三个正确选项的细节题来完成。
先说第一种:未被原文提及的,这类的选项一般都是名词,而且正确的那三个在文中很集中,一般用逗号 或是and连接。对于这类题,我建议大家先看一下选项,帮助我们定位,找到三个正确的,原文没提及的那个就选出来了。For example,
In any vertebrate two chief parts of the nervous system may be distinguished.These are the central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nevous system, consisting of the cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerves, together with their motor and sensory endings. The term“autonomic nervous system”refers to the parts of the central and peripheral systems that supply and regulate the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and many glands
Question:all of the following are described as being controlled by the autonomic nervous system Except
A connective tissue
B cardiac muscle
C glandular activity
D smooth muscle
第一步,找题目中的关键词controlled by the autonomic nervous system
第二步,找定位句,autonomic nervous system出现在最后一句,这句就是定位句
第三步,分析这个句子吧,regulate就是control的意思,它后面的the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and many glands,就是B C D选项可能会有同学纠结C选项,glandular activity这就是我前面说过的and用法,glands是名词,找前面相同词性的词,是muscle,activity of cardiac muscle,所以把那个句子填充完整就是regulate the activity of cardiac muscle, the activity of smooth muscle, and the activity of many glands,这样这一道题就完成了。
我说一下有些同学作这种题的不好习惯,就是上来不读题直接看选项,然后回去找,找到了三个之后,选择那个你没找到的。是,我刚才说了可以看看选项帮助定位,但是注意,我说的是帮助定位,找定位句还是需要通过问题里面的关键词。用找选项的方法做题,第一浪费时间,第二,你能保证自己不漏掉某些细节么?有没有找到了两个再重新找一次的情况呢?
所以说,还有要用细节题的方式找好定位句,然后再去做题。先看选项只是辅助。
再说另一种:是原文观点矛盾的,以以下三个形式出现
1原文+not
2反义句
3rather/other/without 后面的部分
相对于第一种,这类的题的难度稍稍增加了,第一它的三个选项比较分散,没第一种那么好找,第二它的选项往往是原文提过的,但是加了否定词或者本身在原文就是否定。所以这类题要更难一些。没关系,只要牢记上面的三个形式,寻找这三个形式就ok了
Paragraph 9: The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from over irrigation. Excess water from irrigation sinks down into the water table. If no drainage system exists, the water table rises, bringing dissolved salts to the surface. The water evaporates and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.
9. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to desertification EXCEPT
○Soil erosion
○Global warming
○Insufficient irrigation
○The raising of livestock
第一步:抓关键词, contributing to desertification,contribution翻译成原因就行了
第二步:找定位句,cause of desertification就是原因,所以第一句是定位句。
第三步:分析定位句,The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from over irrigation ,over irrigation,看到这我们可以选了,C选项Insufficient irrigation,明显的第二种形式,反义句。