1. 变换句子的开头结构
名词做主语
介词短语作状语
副词作状语
状语从句
分词短语作状语
形容词短语作状语
主语从句
不定式短语做主语或状语
动名词做主语
To begin with, even in such areas as computer science, where it is estimated that much of what a student learns today will be obsolete in just five years, an advanced degree and the education it represents will continue to be of benefit. Unlike undergraduate education, which is divided into a number of small educational units every term, post-baccalaureate education is concentrated on deeper learning in fewer areas. Moreover, most graduate education requires extended, critical focus on complex issues or research projects. And even if the technical information relevant to completing a graduate-level project becomes outmoded, the learned critical methods and problem-solving approaches will not.
2. 使用不同的句型结构
三、巧用修辞
1. 排比对称结构
Despite all the evidence, experts continue to debate weather global warming exists, how extensive the problem is, what the likely effects will be and whether any remedy is possible.
Despite all the evidence, experts continue to debate the existence of global warming, the extent of the problem, its likely effects and any possible remedy.
2. 比喻
(1)明喻：比喻词出现：as, like, as if…
In many ways, no doubt, our world grows more and more complex, sputniks cannot be simple; yet how many of our complexities remain futile, how many of our artificialities false. Simplicity too can be subtle-as the straight lines of a Greek temple, like the Parthenon at Athens, are delicately curved in order to look straighter still.
(2)暗喻：比喻词不出现。
America has given the Negro people a bad check, which has come back marked insufficient funds.
3. 对照：加深印象
Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice; moderation is the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
4. 类比
The Negro has a callus growing on his soul and it is getting harder and harder to hurt him here. That is a simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that is too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later, if you do not take the shoe off, a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe.
It is the same with the Negro in America. That shoe-the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. But it did not. And how a callus has formed on his soul, and unless that system is adjusted to fit him, too, that callus is going to wear our that system.
5. 拟人
Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the starts.
6. 夸张
For she was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim, and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of a shade.
Today’s education system places too much emphasis on students’ desires rather than their needs. Accordingly, students are searching for the easy way out, and educators are willingly conspiring with them. As opposed to this trend, I would argue that students should study what is presented to them rather than what is desired by them. Not only should educators determine the curriculum, but also they should strive to insure that each individual student truly gains from his/her education, rather than just breezes through it.
二、承上启下
1. 表示结论
in conclusion
in sum
to conclude
to sum up
2. 表示肯定程度
certainly
clearly
obviously
plainly
apparently
surely
undoubtedly
naturally
for certain
for sure
of course
never
always
possibly
perhaps
likely
probably
potentially
presumably
to some extend
in a large sense
generally speaking
in a sense
generally
in some sense
normally
ideally
3. 引出新观点
first
second
third
finally
in the first place
in the second place
last but not least
first of all
next
another
In addition
additionally
further
furthermore
moreover
also
likewise
similarly
more importantly
imagine
suppose
most importantly
for one thing
for another
4. 引出详细解释
specifically
particularly
for example
for instance
in this case
in that case
as well as
in that
such as
in addition to
5. 表示对照或其他观点
otherwise
however
nevertheless
though
although
yet
meanwhile
while
But
instead
still
anyway
unlike
on the contrary
by contrast
by comparison
in any case
at any rate
in spite of
rather than
on the one hand
on the other hand
even if
apart from
instead of
even so
6. 表示证据出现
since
because
actually
in fact
as a matter of fact
as a result
due to
owing to
7. 表示推理
as a result
accordingly
consequently
hence
thus
ultimately
thereby
therefore
as a consequence
if so
if not
according to
8. 表示反复说明
in other words
briefly
that is