1. 同向关系词
同向关系词，即用上此类词或词组，句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变，只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化。将其归纳为：
举例关系词：for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example
类比关系词：like, alike, similar, same, as
选择，并列和递进关系词：or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover (分号;)
因果关系词：
表示由引起的，后接原因的词或词组：because，because of，as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that
表示导致，后接结果的词或者词组：so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate
总结关系词：in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief
2. 逆向关系词：
逆向关系词，即用上此类词或词组，句子内部或句子间的方向发生改变，前后句子意思形成相反关系。总结发现，这类词包含：
否定关系词：not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neither…nor
转折和让步关系词：but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though
对比关系词：unlike，by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely
(注：以上各类关系词中所举的例子仅仅只是常见的一部分)
以上就是托福听力中的两大类关系词，希望各位考生在平时训练的时候，能够多多发现，总结并利用这些tips。当然了，在利用关系词的时候，别忘了结合关键词，考点词等，才能达到事半功倍的效果。